The ophthalmometer is an ophthalmology device used to measure the radii of curvature and astigmatism of the cornea by projecting images of two test patterns onto it. This model was designed by ?mile Javal, director of the ophthalmology laboratory at the Sorbonne, and his student Hjalmar Schi?tz, and it was manufactured by Léon Laurent from 1881. Perfected by Amédée Jobin, this instrument was produced until the 1940s.